花卉生产中花期调节补光灯配光方案设计研究

[目的]介绍各种光源特性,筛选最佳大棚花卉生产补光灯配光方案。[方法]选用菊花切花生产为试材,采用白光复合光照,在大棚里配置高压钠灯、荧光节能灯、LED农业专用灯,根据3种灯具的光形特点和植物生长需求,进行实地测试,比较各种灯具的实际应用效果。[结果]结果表明,LED新型光源在整灯实际应用中节能效果明显优于其他两种灯具;LED方形灯具设计呈蝙蝠翼光形配光曲线最有利于温室实施有效布灯。[结论]LED农业专用补光灯优于目前最常用的钠灯,具有节能易布灯等特点,具有实际推广应用价值。     

冀东地区亚洲玉米螟化性探讨

在冀东地区全年分别对亚洲玉米螟田间落卵量、越冬幼虫数量及黑光灯诱蛾量进行调查和统计。结果表明,亚洲玉米螟在冀东地区玉米田全年共发生以3化性为主的不完全世代。亚洲玉米螟在春玉米田发生第1代和第2代,在夏玉米田发生第2代和第3代。统计显示,玉米秸秆中越冬幼虫以3化性为主,3化性幼虫占幼虫总数的73.7%;黑光灯逐日诱蛾量分析显示,全年共形成3个较集中的诱蛾量动态,共诱集成虫1589头,黑光灯全年诱蛾量动态与玉米螟田间落卵量呈极显著相关。     

Developmental Responses of Wheat cv. Norin 61 to Fluence Rate of Green Light

Summary

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Norin 61) plants were grown under five different photon flux densities obtained by modulating the number of green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) under white fluorescent lamps. The experiment was conducted under continuous irradiation at a constant temperature of 20°C to clarify the developmental responses of wheat to the fluence rate of green light. The higher the photon flux density of green light, the shorter the number of days from emergence to heading. The earliest heading was observed in the plants grown under 496 green LEDs, 32.0 days after emergence. A significant logarithmic function could fit the relationship between the fluence rate of green light and developmental rate. In this report, principal component analysis (PCA) was adopted to analyze the confounding of green light versus photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) with 17 developmental and morphological traits. The eigenvalues explained were 5.64, 3.20, and 2.61, respectively, for the first, second and third principal components (PCs). The first PC was assumed as the factor related to the isometric growth, and the third PC was assumed as the factor related to the developmental rate and culm elongation. Therefore, it was supposed that the first and third PCs were affected by the PPFD and the photon flux density of green light, respectively. The results suggested that the fluence rate of green light affects the development of wheat as a signal source. Furthermore, the development of wheat was promoted by the green light independent of PPFD.     

佳多式杀虫灯的使用效果初报

通过试验调查了频振式杀虫灯诱杀害虫的效果,结果表明,在盘锦鼎翔集团有机米生产基地水稻害虫盛发期安装频振式杀虫灯,平均每盏灯每日诱杀二化螟成虫4.8头、稻水象甲1125头,有效地控制了水稻虫害。同时,阐述了频振式杀虫灯杀虫原理,介绍了安装使用方法及注意事项。     

不同倾角的秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱照度实验比较研究

秋刀鱼是西北太平洋北部温带水域的主要捕捞对象之一,集鱼灯灯光配置是秋刀鱼高效捕捞技术的重要内容。本文通过模拟灯箱光学特性实验,利用Matlab7.0软件建立秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱照度分布模型,对不同倾角的秋刀鱼集鱼灯箱的照度分布进行了研究。结果表明:当秋刀鱼集鱼灯倾角为30°、45°及60°时,集鱼灯箱的地面照度大小随地面距离的增加而减少,并且不同倾角时的集鱼灯箱地面照度分布之间存在显著差异,照度分布衰减程度也随灯箱倾角的增加而递减;不同倾角时的照度光场波动也存在差异,30°倾角时的集鱼灯灯光照度光场波动变化大于45°和60°倾角时的照度光场波动变化,而照度等位线密集度也随着倾角角度的增加而降低;秋刀鱼集鱼灯灯箱倾角为60°时,其照度分布和光场波动较稳定,诱集区域较大。     

Evaluation of VI-alpha and PIT-tagging of the seahorse <Emphasis Type="Italic">Hippocampus abdominalis</Emphasis>

The suitability of visible implant alphanumeric (VI-alpha) and passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagging to individually identify seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) was assessed in two trials. For each trial, 24 seahorses were tagged and mortality, growth, tag retention and tag visibility/readability assessed, together with 24 control seahorses, over a period of 3 months. For VI-alpha tagging, a single tag was inserted under the skin between the first two anterior lateral tail rings of the seahorses. There was no difference in final seahorse length, wet weight, or mean SGR in tagged seahorses, compared with control seahorses, after 3 months. Tag retention was 100%, as was survival, in both treatments. Tag detection with the naked eye was generally poor but improved using LED blue light. However, readability of tag codes was highly variable and insufficiently reliable for VI-alpha to be suitable for identification of individual seahorses. In PIT-tagged seahorses, a single FDX-B transponder was inserted into the abdominal cavity of seahorses. There was also no difference in final seahorse length, wet weight, or mean SGR, compared with control seahorses, after 3 months. Tag retention was also 100%, as was survival in both treatments. Readability of transponders was reliable and quick using a compact reader. PIT-tagging is considered suitable for individual identification of large H. abdominalis.     

鱿钓船水上集鱼灯的光照度分布及钓捕效果分析

根据2003年10月在印度洋鸢乌贼渔场中鱿钓船周围某一断面水中光照度的实测数据和渔获生产统计数据,对金属卤化物灯和高压钠灯的光照度分布及其钓捕效果进行了比较分析。在120盏×2kW金属卤化物灯作用下,在距船舷3.0m的垂直断面,其水深5m内的光照度多在100lx以上,10lx的等光照度曲线在20m水层左右,0.01lx的等光照度曲线在55m水层附近。但在20盏×500W高压钠灯作用下,在距船舷3.0m的垂直断面,其海面的平均光照度为3lx左右,0.01lx的等光照度曲线在20m水层附近。以一些头足类的适宜光照度(0.01～10lx)为例,其在该照度范围内的水体体积仅为120盏×2kW金属卤化物灯作用下的1/5左右。这说明采用高压钠灯可以使鱿鱼聚集密度增大,钓捕深度变浅,从而提高渔获效率,且其平均产量比采用高压钠灯前高1～3倍。另外,研究表明大型专业鱿钓船钓捕鸢乌贼时的最适集鱼灯功率为112～160kW,鸢乌贼的最适光照度为0.01lx左右。     

基于空间漫反射光的母兔早期妊娠诊断装置研制

妊娠诊断是肉兔繁殖管理中的重要环节,尤其是早期妊娠诊断,可提前未妊娠母兔的再授精时间,提高种兔利用率,缩短繁殖周期。针对人工摸胎诊断法存在对母兔腹内胚胎产生机械损伤、母兔应激反应大及对工人经验要求高等缺陷,该研究基于妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔腹内有无孕囊组织所引起的光学特性差异,提出一种基于空间漫反射光的母兔妊娠诊断方法,研制了快速、无侵入式的便携诊断装置。该装置由具有2个红外发光二极管（Light Emitting Diode,LED,LED发光波长分别为850和930 nm）、3个硅基光电二极管和外围电路的传感探头和信号处理主机组成。利用该便携诊断装置采集130只人工授精14 d后的母兔（包括63只妊娠母兔和67只未妊娠母兔）腹部漫反射光强度数据,将采集的数据按照7∶3的比例划分为训练集和测试集,训练集数据分别用于建立偏最小二乘判别分析（Partial Least Squares Discrimination Analysis, PLS-DA）模型和支持向量机（Support Vector Machine, SVM）分类模型,测试集数据用于模型性能测试,并对比两种模型的分类性能。同时,利用PLS-DA对采样数据进行有监督的主成分分析和变量重要性分析,结果表明妊娠母兔与未妊娠母兔的采样数据之间存在差异,可以被较好的分类。对比两种分类模型的分类性能发现SVM对妊娠母兔和未妊娠母兔的分类性能均比PLS-DA好,对测试集数据的灵敏度、特异性和准确率分别为80.95%、83.33%和82.05%。研究结果表明,该研究提出的光学妊娠诊断方法可行,研制的诊断装置可对授精14 d后的母兔进行妊娠诊断,对提高兔产业体系智能化装备水平有积极的促进作用。     

基于光谱技术的水稻叶片氮素测定仪的开发

在理论分析的基础上设计开发了一套基于光谱技术的水稻叶片SPAD值和氮素测定仪。该测定仪主要包括光路部分、调理电路和控制与数据采集器等。光路部分包括光源、检测点以及光电传感器等元器件,主要作用是：控制光源的亮灭、收集透过叶片光线、将光信号转换为电信号;调理电路主要将所得微弱电信号进行电流电压转换以及放大到合适的幅度;控制与数据采集器包括AD转换电路,液晶显示电路和SD卡存储电路。对该测定仪的性能进行了测试,试验分为两步：先建立AD采样电压信号与SPAD值之间的模型,然后建立SPAD值与氮素之间的模型。经过大量的试验测得：传感器转换的电压信号与SPAD值之间存在很高的相关性（R2 =0.956）,SPAD值与氮含量建立的模型的决定系数为R2 =0.802,结合以上两种模型得到该仪器的氮素模型的决定系数为R2 =0.766。该仪器适合用于田间水稻叶片氮素含量的快速测量。     

复合涂膜结合紫外处理对鲜切木瓜冷藏品质的影响

为了延长鲜切木瓜的保鲜时间,利用尼辛、那他霉素、薄荷油、氯化钙、香兰素、壳聚糖制成复合保鲜涂膜液,考察涂膜及紫外线处理对木瓜鲜切块贮藏品质(包括色泽、可溶性固形物含量、失水率、维生素C含量、可滴定酸、霉菌酵母数、菌落总数)的影响。由均匀设计试验优化涂膜液配方以及紫外线处理参数。研究结果表明:涂膜及紫外线处理可较好地保持鲜切木瓜的色泽,抑制褐变,保持较高的可溶性固形物含量,减少贮藏过程中的水分损失,抑制霉菌、酵母菌和细菌的增长。采用SAS软件建立各参数与菌落总数关系的回归方程。利用非线性规划法得到较佳的复合涂膜配方与紫外线处理参数为:壳聚糖质量分数1.0%,氯化钙质量分数0.6%,Nisin0.10g/kg,那他霉素14.0mg/kg,香兰素质量分数0.3%,薄荷油1.5mL/L,紫外照射时间22min,紫外照射距离范围44～66cm。此复合涂膜配方与紫外线处理可使货架期至少达到6天,为鲜切木瓜保鲜提供技术参考。